FITRIA, Wahyuni and Bambang, Azis Nur and Hidayat, Jafron Wasiq (2021) STRATEGI PENANGANAN GANGGUAN MONYET EKOR PANJANG (Macaca fascicularis) BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI DAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT (Studi Kasus Desa Jambu, Kecamatan Kledung, Kabupaten Temanggung). Masters thesis, School of Postgraduate Studies.

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Abstract

Monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) yang selanjutnya disingkat MEP merupakan satwa liar yang sangat popular. MEP memiliki nilai ekologis karena perannya dalam distribusi biji-bijian, namun di sisi lain juga dikenal sebagai hama tanaman pertanian. Di Jawa Tengah banyak laporan terkait gangguan monyet ekor panjang di lahan pertanian dan permukiman. Desa Jambu yang letaknya berbatasan langsung dengan kawasan hutan dan mayoritas penduduknya bermatapencaharian sebagai petani merupakan salah satu lokasi yang rawan terjadi konflik antara manusia dan MEP. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji besarnya kerugian yang dialami petani akibat adanya gangguan MEP, mengkaji persepsi masyarakat terhadap gangguan MEP, menganalisis bentuk-bentuk partisipasi dan aspirasi masyarakat untuk mengatasi gangguan MEP, dan menganalisis strategi yang efektif untuk menanggulangi gangguan MEP. Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualititatif. Perhitungan untuk menetukan besarnya kerugian, persepsi serta partisipasi dan aspirasi masyarakat dilakukan dengan bantuan Ms. Excel, sedangkan perumusan strategi penanganan gangguan MEP dilakukan dengan analisis SWOT. Kerugian terbesar dialami petani pada jenis tanaman pangan yang disukai MEP. Rata-rata besarnya kerugian per jenis tanaman yaitu jagung 88%, bawang merah 56%, kacang merah 53%, singkong 52%, bawang putih 34%, terong belanda 33% cabe 32%, jeruk 28%, kubis 24% dan kopi 23%. Secara umum masyarakat memiliki persepsi yang tidak baik terhadap MEP karena perilakunya, namun mereka masih memiliki empati dan toleransi akan keberadaan MEP jika tinggal di hutan. Berbagai upaya telah telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi gangguan MEP baik secara individu maupun bersama namun belum memberikan hasil sesuai harapan. Sebagian besar masyarakat tidak menghendaki dilakukan pembasmian, upaya yang diharapkan adalah relokasi, sterilisasi, pemasangan jaring, dan pengkayaan tanaman pakan di habitat MEP. Analisis SWOT menghasilkan 10 strategi penanganan yang diurutkan berdasarkan prioritas yaitu : (1) pemulihan habitat sesuai kebutuhan monyet ekor panjang; (2) penanaman jenis tanaman yang tidak disukai monyet dan jenis komersial non pangan; (3) relokasi monyet ekor panjang ke habitat aslinya; (4) pengamanan lahan pertanian; (5) peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat di bidang non pertanian; (6) peningkatan peran masyarakat dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian kebakaran hutan; (7) pengurangan populasi monyet ekor panjang melalui kuota tangkap dan sterilisasi; (8) peningkatkan peran masyarakat dalam pelestarian hutan; (9) peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat mengenai monyet ekor panjang; dan (10) pengelolaan sampah terpadu.
Kata Kunci : penanganan, MEP, gangguan, ekonomi, persepsi

The long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is prevalent wildlife. The long-tailed macaque has ecological value because of its role in grain distribution, but on the other hand, it knows as a pest of crops. In Central Java, there are many reports regarding the disturbance of long-tailed macaque in agricultural land and settlements. Jambu Village, located directly adjacent to the forest area, and most of the population lives as farmers, is prone to conflict between humans and long-tailed macaques. This study aims to assess the number of losses experienced by farmers due to long-tailed macaque disturbance, assess the public's perception of long-tailed macaque disturbance. Also, to analyze forms of community participation and aspirations to overcome long-tailed macaque disturbance and analyze effective strategies to deal with long-tailed macaque disturbance. The research method used is descriptive quantitative, and qualitative. The calculations determine the number of losses, perceptions, and community participation and aspirations with Microsoft Excel. The formulation of strategies for handling long-tailed macaque disturbance carries out using a SWOT analysis. Farmers experience the most significant loss on the type of food crop that the long-tailed macaques like. The average amount of losses per plant type was 88% corn, 56% shallot, 53% red bean, 52% cassava, 34% garlic, 33% Dutch eggplant, 32% chili, 28% orange, 24% cabbage and coffee 23 %. In general, people have a terrible perception of long-tailed macaques because of their behavior, but they still have empathy and tolerance for long-tailed macaques if they live in the forest. Various attempts have been made to overcome the long-tailed macaque disturbance both individually and collectively but have not yielded the expected results. Most of the community does not want the eradication to carry out. The expected efforts are relocation, sterilization, installation of nets, and enrichment of forage plants in the habitat of long-tailed macaques. The SWOT analysis resulted in 10 treatment strategies sorted by priority, namely: (1) habitat restoration according to the needs of long-tailed macaques; (2) planting types of plants that are not preferred by macaques and commercial types of non-food; (3) relocation of long-tailed macaques to their natural habitat; (4) securing agricultural land; (5) increasing the capacity of the community in the non-agricultural sector; (6) increasing the role of the community in the prevention and control of forest fires; (7) reduction of long-tailed macaque population through capture and sterilization quotas; (8) enhancing the role of the community in forest conservation; (9) increasing public understanding of long-tailed macaques; and (10) integrated waste management.
Keywords: handling, long-tailed macaques, disturbance, economy, perception

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