INDRATIN, Indratin and Budihardjo, Mochamad Arief and Helmi, Muhammad (2021) MODEL GEOSPASIAL RESIDU ORGANOFOSFAT PADA LAHAN PERTANIAN SENTRA PRODUKSI BAWANG MERAH DI KECAMATAN WANASARI, KABUPATEN BREBES, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH. Masters thesis, School of Postgraduate Studies.

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Abstract

Penggunaan pestisida oleh petani hortikultura cenderung berlebihan selain dapat meningkatkan hasil dapat mencemari lingkungan baik di tanah, air, produk, biota dan manusia. Petani di Kecamatan Wanasari Kabupaten Brebes sering menggunakan insektisida organofosfat untuk pengendalian organisme pengganggu tanaman bawang merah, Insektisida Organofosfat tersebut diantaranya Diazinon, Klorpirifos, Profenofos, Malathion, Parathion dan Fenitrothion. Beberapa insektisida Organofosfat dilarang penggunaannya sejak tahun 2015 oleh pemerintah Indonesia untuk pertanian, kehutanan, perikanan dan perkebunan. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sebaran residu insektisida Organofosfat di lahan pertanian bawah merah di Kecamatan Wanasari Kabupaten Brebes. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret – Juli 2020 di Kecamatan Wanasari Kabupaten Brebes. Pengukuran residu Organofosfat dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian menggunakan Gas Chromatografi Shimadzu 2014 dengan detector Electron Capture Detector

(ECD), metode QueCheRS. Pemodelan geospasial residu organofosfat menggunakan software ArcGIS 10.4 dengan metode Spline interpolation. Residu Diazinon, Profenofos dan Fenitrothion ditemukan sebagian nilai cemaran tinggi dan sangat tinggi, sedangkan residu Klorpirifos, Malathion dan Parathion masih dibawah nilai BMR, relatitif aman namun demikian perlu diwaspadi penggunaan yang terus menerus dapat meningkatkan cemaran lingkungan. Pemodelan residu organofosfat hasil overlay dari 6 jenis residu Diazinon, Klorpirifos, Profenofos, Malathion, Parathion dan Fenithrotion seluas 2372,57 ha. Prediksi cemaran terluas pada kategori tinggi seluas 1375,86 ha (57.99%) selanjutnya cemaran sedang seluas 568,26 ha (23,95%), cemaran sangat tinggi seluas 112,57 ha (4,75%) prediksi cemaran rendah 287,13 ha (12,10%) prediksi cemaran sangat rendah 28,754 ha (1,21%). Cemaran sangat tinggi dan tinggi terdapat pada sebagian Desa Jagallempeni, Glonggong, Tanjungsari, Sisalam, Lengkong, Dukuh Wringin, Siwungkuk dan Tegalgandu. Residu yang tinggi dan sangat tinggi perlu upaya mengurangi cemaran dengan rotasi tanaman, mengurangi penggunaan pestisida sintetis beralih ke pestisida nabati yang ramah lingkungan, dapat juga menerapkan remediasi lahan menggunakan biokompos (Biochar+kompos). Upaya untuk mewujudkan Pembangunan berkelanjutan harus memperhatikan kelestarian lingkungannya agar kualitas lingkungan tetap terjaga sesuai tujuan Pembangunan berkelanjutan no 12 yaitu memastikan pola konsumsi dan Produksi yang berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci: model geospasial, pencemaran lingkungan, pertanian, residu organofosfat

The excessive use of pesticides by horticultural farmers tends to be able to increase yields, but it can also contaminate the environment in all sort of kinds, such as soil, water, products, biota and humans. Farmers in Wanasari Sub-district, Brebes Regency, often use organophosphate insecticides to control shallot pests. Organophosphate insecticides listed include Diazinon, Klorpirifos, Profenofos, Malathion, Parathion and Fenitrothion. Several Organophosphate insecticides used for agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and plantations have been banned by Indonesian government since 2015. This study was aimed to determine the distribution of organophosphate insecticide residues in shallot agricultural land in Wanasari sub-district, Brebes Regency. The research was conducted in March - July 2020 in Wanasari Sub-district, Brebes Regency. The measurements of Organophosphate residue were carried out at the Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute using 2014 Shimadzu Gas Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector (ECD) detector and the QueCheRS method. The geospatial modeling of organophosphate residues was done by using ArcGIS 10.4 software with the Spline interpolation method. The residues of Diazinon, Profenofos and Fenitrition were found to have high and very high contamination values, while the residues of Chlorpyrifos, Malathion and Parathion were still below the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) value, relatively safe. However, it is importsnt to be aware that their continuous use can increase the level of environmental contamination. Organophosphate residue modeling was drawn an overlay from 6 types, namely Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Profenophos, Malathion, Parathion and Fenithrotion residues covering an area of 2372, 57 ha. The prediction of the widest contamination in the high category is 1375.86 ha (57.99%), then the medium contamination is 568.26 ha (23.95%), the very high contamination is 112.57 ha (4.75%), the prediction of low contamination is 287.13 ha (12.10%). The prediction of very low contamination is 28,754 ha (1,21%) Very high and high categories of contamination were found in parts of Jagallempeni, Glonggong, Tanjungsari, Sisalam, Lengkong, DukuhWringin, Siwipat and Tegalgandu villages. In order to reduce the high and very high residues contamination, some efforts need to be done, such as using crop rotation, reducing the use of synthetic pesticides by switching to environmental friendly vegetable pesticides, and also applying land remediation using biocompost (Biochar + compost). The efforts in realizing the Sustainable Development should cover the environmental sustainability for the sake of maintaining the environmental quality in accordance with the goal of Sustainable Development No. 12, namely ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns.
Keywords: geospatial model, environmental pollution, agriculture, organophosphate residue

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