WIDYA, Widya and Widjanarko, Bagoes and Kartini, Apoina (2020) HUBUNGAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN FISIK RUMAH DAN PERILAKU ORANG TUA DENGAN KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA BALITA (Studi Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bandarharjo Kota Semarang). Masters thesis, School of Postgraduate Studies.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Prevalensi kejadian pneumonia pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bandarharjo dari tahun 2018-2020 (sampai dengan bulan Juni 2020) mengalami peningkatan yakni 328 kasus, 485 kasus, dan 231. Faktor lingkungan fisik rumah dan perilaku orang tua diduga merupakan salah satu faktor determinan yang dapat menyebabkan balita terkena pneumonia.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor lingkungan fisik rumah dan perilaku orang tua dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bandarharjo Kota Semarang
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain case control dengan total sampel 80 yakni 40 sampel kasus 40 sampel kontrol pada 4 Kelurahan di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bandarharjo. Variabel dalam penelitian ini faktor balita, lingkungan fisik rumah, dan perilaku orang tua. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dengan Chi Square dan besarnya risiko dengan Odd Ratio serta analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistic.
Hasil: Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita adalah riwayat asma (p=0,01; OR 19,5; 95%CI 6,23-61,15), riwayat komorbiditas (p=0,01; OR 22,91; 95%CI 5,97-87,83), tingkat pendidikan ibu (p=0,007; OR 0,253; 95%CI 0,099-0,647), keberadaan anggota keluarga yang merokok (p=0,001; OR 4,00; 95%CI 1,48-10,79). Hasil multivariat yaitu ada hubungan antara riwayat asma (OR = 8,210) dan riwayat komorbiditas (OR = 12,450) dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita.
Kesimpulan: Riwayat asma, riwayat komorbiditas, tingkat pendidikan ibu, keberadaan anggota keluarga yang merokok, berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bandarharjo Kota Semarang.
Kata Kunci: pneumonia, balita, lingkungan fisik rumah, perilaku orang tua, bandarharjo

Background: The prevalence of pneumonia among children under five in the work area of the Bandarharjo Health Center from 2018-2020 (until June 2020) has increased, namely 328 cases, 485 cases, and 231. The physical environment factors of the house and the behavior of parents are thought to be the determining factors that causes toddlers to get pneumonia.
Objective: To determine the correlation between physical home environment and parents’ behavior factors with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five years of age at the working area of Bandarharjo Community Health Center, Semarang City.
Method: This study used a case control design with 80 total samples, namely 40 case samples and 40 control samples in 4 sub-districts at Bandarharjo Community Health Center. The variables used in this study were the factors of children under five years of age, the physical environment of the house, and the behavior of the parents. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. Data analysis using Chi Square and the amount of risk with Odd Ratio and multivariate analysis with logistic regression.
Results: The risk factors associated with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five years of age were history of asthma (p = 0.01; OR 19.5; 95%CI 6.23-61.15), history of comorbidities (p = 0.01; OR 22.91; 95%CI 5.97-87.83), mothers’ education level (p = 0.007; OR 0.253; 95%CI 0.099-0.647), presence of family members who smoke (p = 0.001; OR 4.00; 95%CI 1.48 -10.79). The multivariate result was that there was a relationship between a history of asthma (OR = 8.210) and a history of comorbidities (OR = 12.450) with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five.
Conclusion: History of asthma, history of comorbidities were related to the incidence of pneumonia in children under five years of age in the working area of Bandarharjo Community Health Center, Semarang City.
Keywords: pneumonia, children under five years of age, physical home environment, parents' behavior, bandarharjo

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