TAMRIN, Muhamad and Rahardjo, Mursid and Sutiningsih, Dwi (2020) ANALISIS FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN PADA KEJADIAN MALARIA DI PUSKESMAS LAMBUNGA KECAMATAN KLUBAGOLIT KABUPATEN FLORES TIMUR PROPINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR. Masters thesis, School of Postgraduate Studies.

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Abstract

LatarBelakang: Malaria merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh plasmodium ditularkan melalui gigitann yamuk Anopheles sp. Angka kejadian malaria (API) di Puskesmas Lambunga API tahun 2015 (25,5) 2017 (45,6) dan 2019 0,7 per 1000 penduduk masih fluktuatif. Kecamatan Klubagolit merupakan daerah endemic malaria dikarenakan keadaan lingkungan, tetapi hubungannya dengan kejadian malaria belum pernah diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor lingkungan yang berhubungan dengan pada kejadian malaria di Puskesmas Lambunga, Kecamatan Klubagolit, Kabupaten Flores Timur, Provinsi NTT.
Metode : Penelitian observasional menggunakan rancangan case control digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Populasi penelitian adalah semua orang berkunjung ke puskesmas memeriksakan sediaan darah tipis dan tinggal di wilayah penelitian selama minimal 1 tahun. Terdapat 96 responden sebagai sampel yang terdiri dari 48 kasus dan 48 control. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, obsevasi dan penangkapan nyamuk dan cidukan jentik. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik ganda.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan 83,3% kasus terinfeksi Plasmodium vivax dan 16,7% terinfeksi Plasmodium falciparum. Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan suhu berkisar (26,9 – 34,60C), kelembaban (82,7 – 88,7%), salinitas (0,0 – 8,0%), pH (5,4 – 8,6), kepadatan jentik (1 – 2,5 ekor/ciduk), kepadatan nyamuk (3 – 20 ekor). Hasil multivariat menunjukkan faktor breeding place (p;0,002, OR 4,275) dan kelembaban (p;0,027, OR 2,722) berhubungan kuat dengan kejadian malaria.
Kesimpulan : Faktor breeding place dan kelembapan udara berhubungan kuat dengan kejadian malaria di Kecamatan Klubagolit.
Kata kunci: Malaria, Breeding place, Lingkungan

Background: Malaria was a parasit icdisease caused by plasmodium transmitted through the bite of Anopheles sp. The incidence of malaria at the Lambunga Public Health Center was API in 2015 (25.5) 2017 (45.6) and 2019 0.7 per 1000 population still fluctuate. Klubagolit sub-district was a malaria endemic area due to the environmental conditions, but the association of those variable were still un known. The purpose of this study was to determine the relation ship between environmental factors and the incidence of malaria in Lambunga Public Health Center, Klubagolit sub-district, East Flores District, NTT Province.
Method: An observational study witha case control design wasused. The population of this study was every one whovisited the health center to check athin blood sample and have been lived for minimum 1 year in Klubagolit sub-district. A ninety six respondents was recruited to besample, consisted of 48 cases and 48 controls. Data werecollectedthrough interviews, observation, trapping mosquitoes and larvae. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.
Results:The results showed that 83.3% of cases were infected with Plasmodium vivax and 16.7% were infected with Plasmodium falciparum. The univariate analysis showed that the temperature varied from (26.9 - 34.60C), humidity (82.7 - 88.7%), salinity (0.0 - 8.0%), pH (5.4 - 8.6), the density of larvae (1 - 2.5 individuals / scoop), the density of mosquitoes (3 - 20 mosquito). Multivariate analysis found that the variable breeding place (p; 0.002, OR 4.275) and humidity (p; 0.027, OR 2.722) had the stronger association with the incidence of malaria.
Conclusion: Breeding place and humidity factor hadstronger association with the incidence of malaria in Klubagolit sub-district.
Keywords: Malaria, Breeding place, Environment

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