ARIEFIA, SHELLA ADINDA (2025) EXAMINING POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS TO REVEAL THE POWER RELATION. Undergraduate thesis, Faculty Of Humanities.

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Abstract

Language is a tool for communication that also reflects relationships and power
dynamics. This study analyzes how politeness strategies in directive speech acts
reveal power relations in the movie Barbie as the Princess and the Pauper (2004),
focusing on Princess Anneliese and Preminger. Using Brown and Levinson’s
(1987) politeness theory and Searle’s (1985, 1996) speech act theory, this research
applies a descriptive qualitative method with purposive sampling. It examines how
relative power, social distance, rank of imposition, and the payoffs influence the
use of politeness strategies. The study identifies seven types of directive speech acts
and four politeness strategies: bald-on-record, off-record, positive politeness, and
negative politeness. Despite her higher status, Anneliese often uses positive and
negative politeness to maintain closeness. In contrast, Preminger frequently uses
bald-on-record strategies to assert control. The findings suggest that power,
distance, imposition, and the payoffs of each strategy shape the characters’ choices
and reflect underlying power relations.
Keywords: Directive Speech Acts, Politeness Strategies, Power Relations, Barbie
as the Princess and the Pauper.
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