HARIYANTO, Hariyanto and Hadi, Sudharto P. and Buchori, Imam (2019) PENGARUH KONVERSI LAHAN PERTANIAN TERHADAP DAYA DUKUNG LINGKUNGAN DAERAH PINGGIRAN KOTA SEMARANG. Doctoral thesis, School of Postgraduate Studies.

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Abstract

Pertumbuhan penduduk dan intensitas pembangunan, membutuhkan lahan untuk mendukung kehidupannya. Akibatnya terjadi kompetisi penggunaan lahan yang makin ketat antar individu, antar kelompok dan berbagai sektor. Kebutuhan lahan untuk permukimanan, industri dan jasa telah mengkonversi lahan pertanian, sehingga lahan pertanian mengalami perubahan peruntukan secara intensif dan masif, yang menyebabkan penurunan daya dukung lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian untuk menjawab pertanyaan : a) bagaimana pola keruangan perubahan penggunaan lahan (distribusi, intensitas, kecenderungan) di pinggiran kota Semarang antara tahun 2002-2016; b) bagaimana pengaruh perubahan penggunaan lahan terhadap daya dukung lingkungan daerah pinggiran kota Semarang 2002-2016; c) faktor apa yang dominan mempengaruhi konversi lahan pertanian di pinggiran Kota Semarang..
Penelitian dimulai dengan interpretasi citra satelit resolusi tinggi, kemudian cek lapangan dan survai. Dari citra satelit tahun 2002 dan 2016 dapat diketahui pola keruangan, dan intensitas perubahan penggunaan lahan dan faktor determinan perubahan lahan. Selanjutnya analisis deskriptif dengan menghitung jejak ekologi, kebutuhan lahan perkapita, biokapasitas, daya dukung lingkungan pada masing-masing kecamatan sebagai unit analisisnya Variabel terpengaruh adalah jejak ekologi, biokapasitas, dan daya dukung lingkungan. Wilayah penelitian meliputi Kecamatan Gunungpati, Mijen dan Ngaliyan. Dipilihnya lokasi tersebut karena di daerah ini paling banyak terjadi alih fungsi lahan pertanian.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola keruangan konversi lahan pertanian dipengaruhi oleh faktor pertumbuhan penduduk, keberadaan pusat kegiatan dan aktivitas pengembang, aksesibilitas lokasi. Pola perubahan luasan penggunaan lahan di daerah penelitian sebagai berikut, luas sawah dan kebun semua menurun; sedangkan luas tegalan atau tanah kering dan permukiman meningkat. Jejak ekologi total menggambarkan kebutuhan akan lahan produktif meningkat sesuai dengan pertumbuhan penduduk, tertinggi di Kecamatan Ngaliyan. Penurunan biokapasitas dan daya dukung lingkngan tertinggi Kecamatan Mijen (70,5%), hal ini disebabkan penurunan luas lahan perkebunan karet (-466,81 ha) dan intensifnya pengembang. Daya Dukung Lingkungan tahun 2002 Gunungpati masih surplus, tahun 2016 ketiga kecamatan sudah defisit ekologi, penurunan tertinggi di Kecamatan Mijen (0,084)
Simpulan, lahan bioproduktif daerah pinggiran Kota Semarang tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan penduduk dan intensitas pembangunan. Biokapasitas ketiga kecamatan mengalami penurunan. Daya dukung lingkungan ketiga kecamatan juga makin besar defisitnya. Penurunan ekosistem dan DDL terbesar di Kecamatan Mijen. Hal yang harus dilakukan pemerintah adalah menekan konversi lahan pertanian dengan menetapkan zona sawah lestari dengan pengendalian pembangunan daerah pinggiran.
Kata kunci : Konversi lahan pertanian, daya dukung lingkungan, daerah pinggiran

Population growth and development intensity. As a result, there is signiifican increased land use competition between individuals, groups and various sectors. The needs of land for settlement, industry or services have annexed agricultural land, so that it has been changed intensively and massively, causing a decreased of environmental carrying capacity. The purpose of this study is to answer following questions: a) how spatial patterns of land use change (distribution, intensity, trends) in the suburban of Semarang in 2002-2016; b) how does it effect of the landuse change to the carrying capacity in the suburban of Semarang in 2002-2016; c) what the factors effect land conversion on suburban of Semarang.
The research was started with the interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery, then field validation and surveys were carried out. From satelit image series it can be seen land conversion and determinant factors. The next step was descriptive analysis by calculating the ecological footprint, land requirements per capita, biocapacity and carrying capacity for each sub-district as the unit of analysis. The dependent variables in this study were the ecology footprint, biocapacity, and carrying capasity. The research area includes Gunungpati, Mijen and Ngaliyan Districts. These locations was chosen because in these area have lot of agricultural land and the land conversion took place.
The results showed that the spatial pattern of agricultural land conversion was influenced by population growth factors, development intensive, location accessibility, existence the center of activity, land morphology and land value. The intensity of changes the study area follows, the area of rice fields and gardens were all declined; while the area of dry land and settlements were increased. The total ecological footprint illustrates the need for productive land was increased in accordance with population growth and development intensive. The worst condition accur in Ngaliyan District. The highest reduction of biocapacity was in Mijen District (70,5%), this is due to the decline of rubber plantation (-446,81 ha). The environmental carrying capasity of the all districts is least than one, meaning that all sub-districts have experienced excessive environmental exploitation or overshoot.
In conclusion, bioproductive land in the suburban of Semarang is not able to meet the demand of population growth and development intensity intensiv. Biocapacity of the three sub-districts has decreased. The carrying capasity of the three sub-districts also has a greater deficit. The biggest biocapacity reduction trend was in Mijen District. So that, the government must prevent the conversion of agricultural land by establishing a zone of sustainable ricefield/agricultural land restraint suburban development.
Keywords: agricultural land conversion, carrying capacity, sub urban.

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