IRSADI, Andin and Anggoro, Sutrisno and Soeprobowati, Tri Retnaningsih (2019) PERUBAHAN GARIS PANTAI DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP EKOSISTEM MANGROVE UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN STRATEGI KONSERVASI SEMPADAN PANTAI PERBATASAN SEMARANG-DEMAK, JAWA TENGAH. Doctoral thesis, School of Postgraduate Studies.

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Abstract

Daerah pesisir merupakan wilayah yang berada di bawah tekanan kuat dari proses alam dan proses antropogenik yang berdampak pada ekosistem mangrove. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini antara lain untuk mengkaji : 1) perubahan garis pantai dan luasan mangrove tahun 2005-2017, 2) suksesi yang terjadi pada mangrove dan pengaruh masing-masing strata mangrove, 3) dinamika komponen ekosistem mangrove, 4) strategi pengelolaan mangrove. Penelitian berlokasi di Kelurahan/Desa Trimulyo, Bedono dan Timbulsloko dengan memadukan pengambilan data lapangan dan analisis laboratorium yang dilakukan mulai Juni 2018 hingga Mei 2019. Sampel berupa garis pantai, sempadan pantai dan mangrove yang diambil secara time series antara tahun 2005-2017 dengan citra satelit quickbird, kemudian diolah dengan software ArcGIS untuk ditentukan posisi garis pantai, luasan erosi, akresi dan luasan mangrove serta data sosial. Pengembangan strategi konservasi berbasis masyarakat dan data lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan telah terjadi perubahan garis pantai antara tahun 2005-2010 yang berkurang 0,49 km karena terjadi akresi dan antara 2010-2017 bertambah 19,36 km karena erosi. Pada tahun 2005 mangrove di perbatasan Semarang-Demak seluas 90,63 Ha. Pada tahun 2010 mangrove di perbatasan Semarang-Demak seluas 131,57 (bertambah 40,94 Ha atau 45,17 %. Pada tahun 2017 luas mangrove menjadi 304,76 Ha (bertambah 131,63 % atau seluas 173,19 Ha). Pada ekosistem mangrove terjadi suksesi sekunder dengan pola linier. Kondisi gelombang, kecepatan arus, suhu dan curah hujan cenderung mengalami peningkatan. Intensitas cahaya, suhu air, suhu udara, pH air dan kelembaban merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan mangrove. Strategi pengelolaan mangrove antara lain: perlindungan dan pengawetan mangrove, partisipasi masyarakat, monitoring faktor lingkungan, konservasi flora dan fauna, pengembangan ekowisata, penguatan kelembagaan dan rekayasa tol tanggul laut.
Kata-kata kunci: garis pantai, ekosistem mangrove, strategi konservasi, sempadan pantai

Coastal areas are a region under intense pressure from natural processes and anthropogenic processes that affect coastal ecosystems. Specific objectives of this study include: 1) exploring changes in coastline and mangrove area in the Semarang-Demak border from 2005 to 2017, 2) exploring the succession that occurs in mangroves and the effect of each mangrove strata, 3) observing dynamics of the components of the mangrove ecosystem, 4) developping a sustainable conservation strategy for the mangrove ecosystem. This research was conducted at the border of the Semarang-Demak coast with the research location at three stations namely Trimulyo, Bedono and Timbulsloko villages by combining field data and laboratory analysis from June 2018 to May 2019. The sample is the shoreline, coastal and mangroves taken by time series during 2005-2007 with quickbird satellite then processed with ArcGIS software to determine the position of the coastline and the extent of abrasion, accretion, mangrove area and social data. The further development was done based on society and field data. The research found that the coastline along Semarang-Demak has changed. It is revealed that from 2005 to 2010, the coastline was reduced 0.49 km due to accretion and between the years 2010-2017, there was an increase of 19.36 km by erosion. In 2005, mangrove area was increased by 90.63 Ha. In 2010, the mangrove area reached 131.57 Ha (increased by 40.94 Ha or 45.17%). In 2017, it progressed 304.76 Ha (increased by 131.63 % or 173.19 Ha). The succession of ecosystems along the coastline of Semarang-Demak is in secondary succession category with a linear pattern. Environmental factors such as waves and temperature as well as rainfall tended to increase. The light intensity, water temperature, air temperature, water pH and humidity affect the growth of mangroves. Mangroves management proposed from this study involves: mangrove protection and preservation, community participation, environmental factors monitoring, flora and fauna conservation, ecotourism development, strengthening institutional support and sea toll dike.
Keywords: Shoreline, mangrove ecosystem, conservation strategy, coastal

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