LESTARI, Maharyati Puji and Purnaweni, Hartuti and Rahadian, Rully (2026) EVALUASI KETAATAN PLTU TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN DAN PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN DAN PERAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PENGAWASANNYA DI PROVINSI X. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Pasca berlakunya PP Nomor 22 Tahun 2021, efektivitas pendekatan perizinan berbasis risiko dalam meningkatkan ketaatan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) dan pengawasan pemerintah masih belum teruji secara empiris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ketaatan PLTU di Provinsi X terhadap regulasi PPLH dan merumuskan rekomendasi strategis bagi pemerintah untuk peningkatan ketaatan. Fokus utama kajian meliputi enam aspek ketaatan, yaitu pelaksanaan Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan-Rencana Pemantauan Lingkungan (RKL-RPL), pengelolaan mutu air dan udara, pengelolaan limbah B3 dan NonB3, serta pengelolaan B3, didukung oleh peran pengawasan pemerintah. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis komparatif antara praktik PLTU dan ketentuan regulasi PPLH (UU No. 32 Tahun 2009, PP No. 22 Tahun 2021, dan Permen LHK terkait), serta diakhiri dengan analisis SWOT untuk perumusan rekomendasi. Penelitian menunjukkan variasi ketaatan pada empat PLTU di Provinsi X yang menunjukkan hasil bahwa PLTU di Provinsi X secara umum belum taat terhadap regulasi PPLH. Peran pemerintah dalam meningkatkan ketaatan berlandaskan prinsip Good Environmental Governance (GEG) diwujudkan melalui tata kelola multi-level yang mencakup fungsi normatif pusat, fungsi implementatif-koordinatif antara pusat dan daerah, serta penegakan hukum melalui sanksi administratif. Meskipun demikian, pengawasan masih menghadapi tantangan keterbatasan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM). Hasil analisis SWOT menempatkan upaya ketaatan lingkungan Provinsi X pada kuadran IV, yang mengindikasikan perlunya strategi diversifikasi (S-T) dengan memaksimalkan kekuatan internal untuk menghindari ancaman eksternal. Rekomendasi meliputi: (a) penggunaan teknologi dan peningkatan kompetensi SDM, (b) penguatan kelembagaan dengan harmonisasi kebijakan, dan (c) penegakan hukum yang lebih optimal dan terstandarisasi untuk mengurangi celah hukum dan risiko gugatan. Melalui rekomendasi tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketaatan PLTU di Provinsi X terhadap perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup.
Kata kunci: ketaatan lingkungan, PLTU, perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan, GEG, SWOT

Following the enactment of Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, the effectiveness of the risk-based licensing approach in improving compliance of Steam Power Plants (PLTU) and government oversight has not been empirically tested. This study aims to assess the compliance of Steam Power Plants (PLTU) in Province X with PPLH regulations and formulate strategic recommendations for the government to improve compliance. The main focus of the study covers six aspects of compliance: the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan-Environmental Monitoring Plan, water and air quality management, hazardous and Non-hazardous waste management, hazardous management, and government oversight. The research methodology uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a comparative analysis between PLTU practices and PPLH regulatory provisions (Law No. 32 of 2009, Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, and related Ministerial Regulations of the Environment and Forestry). It concludes with a SWOT analysis to formulate recommendations. The study shows variations in compliance across four PLTUs in Province X, indicating that PLTUs in Province X are generally not compliant with PPLH regulations. The government's role in improving compliance based on the principles of Good Environmental Governance (GEG) is realized through multi-level governance that includes central normative functions, implementation-coordination functions between the central and regional governments, and law enforcement through administrative sanctions. However, supervision still faces challenges due to limited Human Resources (HR). The results of the SWOT analysis place Province X's environmental compliance efforts in quadrant IV, indicating the need for a diversification strategy (S-T) to maximize internal strengths and avoid external threats. Recommendations include: (a) the use of technology and improving HR competencies, (b) strengthening institutions through policy harmonization, and (c) more optimal and standardized law enforcement to reduce legal loopholes and the risk of lawsuits. Through these recommendations, compliance with PLTUs in Province X with environmental protection and management will be improved.
Key words: environmental compliance, PLTU, environmental protection and management, GEG, SWOT

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