SUMARLIN, Sumarlin and Purwanto, Purwanto and Syafrudin, Syafrudin (2026) MODEL MITIGASI EMISI GAS RUMAH KACA SEKTOR PERSAMPAHAN YANG BERKELANJUTAN DI KOTA KENDARI. Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Peningkatan emisi gas rumah kaca mempercepat pemanasan global dan memicu perubahan iklim, sehingga mendorong Indonesia menargetkan penurunan emisi sebesar 31,9% secara mandiri dan 43,2% melalui kerja sama internasional pada 2030 menuju rendah karbon 2050 dan NZE 2060. Sektor persampahan menyumbang 3– 5% emisi GRK global, sehingga diperlukan model mitigasi yang berkelanjutan di tingkat daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis timbulan, kuantitas, dan karakteristik sampah; mengevaluasi efektivitas pengelolaan persampahan; menilai penerapan konsep 3R skala rumah tangga; menghitung kontribusi pengelolaan terhadap potensi emisi GRK; serta merumuskan model mitigasi GRK sector persampahan di Kota Kendari. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif–kualitatif. Hasil menunjukkan timbulan sampah Kota Kendari pada 2023 mencapai 321.409 ton/hari (0,87 kg/kapita/hari) dengan dominasi sampah organic 58% dan kadar air 83,56%. Sistem pengelolaan aktual belum efektif akibat rendahnya pemilahan di sumber, keterbatasan armada dan infrastruktur TPA, minimnya anggaran, serta rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat. Implementasi 3R tingkat rumah tangga hanya berkontribusi pada pengurangan sampah 3,2%. Analisis scenario menunjukkan bahwa optimalisasi 3R, khususnya pengomposan, mampu menekan emisi secara signifikan, meskipun TPA tetap menjadi penyumbang utama emisi. Analisis SWOT merekomendasikan strategi Strength–Threat (ST) berbasis penguatan kelembagaan, sinkronisasi kebijakan, pendanaan, teknologi, serta partisipasi masyarakat. Model prosedural mitigasi emisi GRK sektor persampahan yang dikembangkan berbasis efisiensi sistem pengelolaan terpadu dari hulu ke hilir, yang didukung oleh anggaran berkelanjutan, reformasi kelembagaan, penguatan partisipasi masyarakat, serta kebijakan dan mekanisme kolaborasi multipihak. Penetapan peran stakeholder serta penerapan pendekatan berbasis tripel manfaat lingkungan, ekonomi, dan sosial menjadi landasan strategis dalam pencapaian target rendah karbon 2050 dan NZE 2060 dalam kerangka Circular Carbon Smart City. Model ini memberikan arah strategis bagi penurunan emisi GRK sector persampahan secara adaptif, efisien, dan berkelanjutan di Kota Kendari.
Kata kunci: 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), Circular Carbon Smart City; Emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK), Pengelolaan sampah perkotaan, Perubahan iklim

The increase in greenhouse gas emissions accelerates global warming and triggers climate change, prompting Indonesia to commit to emission reductions of 31.9% through unilateral actions and 43.2% with international support by 2030, toward a low-carbon pathway by 2050 and Net Zero Emissions (NZE) by 2060. The waste sector contributes approximately 3–5% of global GHG emissions, highlighting the need for sustainable mitigation models at the local level. This study aims to analyze waste generation, quantity, and characteristics; evaluate the effectiveness of municipal solid waste management; assess the implementation of the 3R concept at the household scale; estimate the contribution of waste management practices to potential GHG emissions; and formulate a GHG mitigation model for the waste sector in Kendari City. The research adopts a mixed quantitative–qualitative approach. The results show that waste generation in Kendari City in 2023 reached 321,409 tons/day (0.87 kg/capita/day), dominated by organic waste (58%) with a moisture content of 83.56%. The existing waste management system remains ineffective due to low source segregation, limited collection fleets and landfill infrastructure, insufficient budget allocation, and low public participation. Household-level 3R implementation contributes only 3.2% to waste reduction. Scenario analysis indicates that optimizing 3R practices, particularly composting, can significantly reduce emissions, although landfills remain the primary source of GHG emissions. SWOT analysis recommends a Strength–Threat (ST) strategy focusing on institutional strengthening, policy synchronization, sustainable financing, technological enhancement, and increased community participation. The procedural GHG mitigation model for the waste sector developed in this study is based on improving the efficiency of an integrated waste management system from upstream to downstream, supported by sustainable financing, institutional reform, strengthened community participation, and multi-stakeholder collaborative policies and mechanisms. The clarification of stakeholder roles and the application of a triplebenefit approach encompassing environmental, economic, and social dimensions form the strategic foundation for achieving low-carbon targets by 2050 and NZE by 2060 within the Circular Carbon Smart City framework. This model provides a strategic direction for adaptive, efficient, and sustainable GHG emission reduction in the waste sector of Kendari City.
Keywords: 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle); Circular Carbon Smart City; Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; Urban solid waste management; Climate change

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