MANITRA, RAMALINA RANAIVO MIKEA and Cahyaningtyas, Irma and Prabandari, Adya Paramita (2024) “JUVENILE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: A COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN`S RIGHTS IN INDONESIA AND MADAGASCAR”. _ HI 2024. Undergraduate thesis, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Diponegoro.

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Abstract

The development and acknowledgment of children's special protection within the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (“JCJS”) have undergone a transformation over time. Children in conflict with the law become juvenile offenders in JCJS, however international legal instruments such as the CRC and Beijing Rules stand as foundational treaties advocating for their protections. Indonesia and Madagascar as State Parties to those legally binding instruments have enacted respectively Law No. 11 of 2012 and Law No. 2016-018 concerning JCJS. The objective of this comparative study is to find the similarities and differences between Law No. 11 of 2012 and Law No. 2016-018 in the protection of children`s rights as well as to establish law reform of JCJS in Indonesia and Madagascar. The research method is sociolegal research, with statutory, sociological, historical and comparative approach, using secondary data in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, which is analyzed with normative qualitative analysis. The finding and discussion use the legal system theory of Lawrence Friedman as a framework, namely legal structure, legal substance and legal culture. On the one hand, the JCJS of Indonesia and Madagascar present similarities in the legal structure by establishing special juvenile institutions; in the legal substance by implementing diversion system and octroying fundamental and procedural rights to juvenile offenders; in the legal culture by having traditional values favorable to juvenile offenders` development and rehabilitation. However, they present also differences in the legal structure such as requirements for juvenile institutions; in the legal substance such as minimum age of criminal responsibility and procedural rights of juvenile offenders; while in term of legal culture they do not have significant differences but rather meet challenges with negative social stigma on JCJS and
diversion system. On the other hand, law reform is essential for both countries, which can be achieved through the observation of their comparison and the compliance with international standards.
Keywords: Children`s Rights; Indonesia; Juvenile Justice; Madagascar

Perkembangan dan pengakuan terhadap perlindungan khusus anak dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (“SPPA”) telah mengalami transformasi seiring berjalannya waktu. Ketika anak melanggar hukum, ia akan disebut anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum (“ABH”) di SPPA, namun instrumen hukum internasional seperti KHA dan Peraturan Beijing tetap menjadi perjanjian dasar yang mengadvokasi perlindungan mereka. Indonesia dan Madagaskar sebagai negara
yang telah meratifikasi instrumen yang mengikat secara hukum tersebut telah mengesahkan masing-masing Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2012 dan Law No. 2016-018 tentang SPPA. Tujuan dari studi banding ini adalah untuk mengetahui persamaan dan perbedaan antara UU No. 11 Tahun 2012 dan Law No. 2016-018 dalam perlindungan hak anak serta menciptakan reformasi hukum SPPA di
Indonesia dan Madagaskar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian sosiolegal, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, sosiologis, historis dan komparatif, dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer,
sekunder, dan tersier, yang dianalisis dengan analisis normatif kualitatif. Hasil dan pembahasan penelitian menggunakan teori sistem hukum Lawrence Friedman sebagai kerangkanya, yaitu struktur hukum, substansi hukum, dan budaya hukum. Di satu sisi, SPPA Indonesia dan Madagaskar memiliki kesamaan dalam struktur
hukum dengan mendirikan lembaga khusus anak; substansi hukum dengan menerapkan sistem diversi dan mengekang hak-hak dasar dan prosedural bagi ABH; dalam budaya hukum dengan memiliki nilai-nilai tradisional yang mendukung perkembangan dan rehabilitasi ABH. Namun, terdapat juga perbedaan dalam struktur hukum seperti persyaratan untuk aparat hukum anak; dalam
substansi hukum seperti usia minimal pertanggungjawaban pidana dan hak prosedural ABH; sedangkan dari segi budaya hukum tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan namun justru menghadapi tantangan berupa stigma sosial negatif terhadap SPPA dan sistem diversi. Di sisi lain, reformasi hukum sangat penting bagi kedua negara, yang dapat dicapai melalui pengamatan terhadap
perbandingan SPPA mereka dan kepatuhan terhadap standar internasional.
Kata Kunci: Hak Anak; Indonesia; Madagaskar; SPPA

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