SRIYANI, Sriyani and Sutiningsih, Dwi and Adi, M. Sakundarno (2023) ANALISIS HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN POSITIF LEPTOSPIRA PADA TIKUS DI KABUPATEN BOYOLALI TAHUN 2022. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Pada kurun waktu 2012-2022, Kabupaten Boyolali mengalami KLB leptospirosis, dengan puncak kasus terjadi pada 2017 (34 kasus, 29,41% kematian), dan terhambatnya surveilans pada 2020 akibat pandemi Covid-19; pada 2022, terdapat 13 kasus leptospirosis dengan 38,46% kasus meninggal. Leptospirosis adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri dari genus Leptospira, dan salah satu vektor utamanya adalah tikus. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah apakah faktor lingkungan, meliputi: genangan selokan, luapan selokan, sampah dan tumpukan sampah berhubungan dengan kejadian leptospirosis pada tikus di Kabupaten Boyolali. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif analitik dengan studi desain cross sectional. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa tikus yang tertangkap berjenis spesies yaitu Rattus norvegicus (27,8%), Rattus tanezumi (66,7%), dan Rattus tiomanicus (5,6%). Berjenis kelamin betina sebesar 41,7%, jantan 58,3%, berada di luar rumah sebesar 55,6% dan di dalam rumah 44,4%; positif bakteri leptospira sebesar 22,2% dan negatif sebesar 77,8%. Gambaran kondisi lingkungan di sekitar rumah responden diperoleh sebesar 8,3% ada genangan selokan, sebesar 2,8% ada luapan selokan, sebesar 63,9% terdapat sampah di selokan, dan sebesar 69,4% terdapat tumpukan sampah. Hasil uji statistik fisher exact test didapatkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan faktor lingkungan, meliputi: genangan di selokan (p=0,541), luapan selokan (p=0,778) dengan kejadian leptospirosis. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara tumpukan sampah (p=0,016) dan sampah di selokan (p=0,036) dengan kejadian leptospirosis pada tikus di Kabupaten Boyolali Tahun 2022. Saran untuk mengatasi dan mencegah penyebaran penyakit leptospirosis adalah meningkatkan sistem surveilans untuk mendeteksi kasus leptospirosis secara dini dan memastikan pelaporan kasus leptospirosis yang akurat dan tepat waktu dari fasilitas kesehatan.
Kata kunci: Faktor Lingkungan, Leptospirosis, Tikus

In the period of 2012-2022, Boyolali Regency experienced an outbreak of Leptospirosis, with the peak of cases occurring in 2017 (34 cases, 29.41% deaths), and surveillance was hampered in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. In 2022, there were 13 cases of leptospirosis with 38.46% of cases dying. Leptospirosis is a disease caused by bacteria from the genus Leptospira, and one of the main vectors is mice. The problem formulation for this research was whether environmental factors, including sewer flooding, sewer overflows, rubbish, and rubbish piles, were related to the incidence of leptospirosis in Boyolali. This research used quantitative analytical analysis with a cross-sectional design study. From the research results, it was found that the types of rats caught were Rattus norvegicus (27.8%), Rattus tanezumi (66.7%), and Rattus tiomanicus (5.6%). 41.7% were female, 58.3% male, 55.6% outside the home, and 44.4% inside the home; positive for leptospira bacteria was 22.2%, and negative was 77.8%. The description of the environmental conditions around the respondent's house was that 8.3% had inundated gutters, 2.8% had gutter overflows, 63.9% had rubbish in the gutters, and 69.4% had piles of rubbish. The results of the Fisher exact test statistic showed that there was no relationship between environmental factors, including puddles in ditches (p=0.541), sewer overflows (p=0.778) with the incidence of leptospirosis. There was a significant relationship between piles of rubbish (p=0.016) and rubbish in gutters (p=0.036) with the incidence of leptospirosis in Boyolali Regency in 2022. Suggestions for overcoming and preventing the spread of leptospirosis were to improve the surveillance system to detect leptospirosis cases early and ensure accurate and timely reporting of Leptospirosis cases from health facilities.
Keywords: Environmental Factors, Leptospirosis, Rats

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