MATIN, Hashfi Hawali Abdul and Syafrudin, Syafrudin and Suherman, Suherman (2023) MODEL PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PRODUKSI BIOGAS MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKU LIMBAH SEKAM PADI. Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan energi dunia akan terus meningkat akibat dari adanya pertumbuhan populasi manusia dan perkembangan ekonomi secara global, apabila tidak ada implementasi kebijakan baru maka akan terjadi krisis energi. Sebagai negara dengan kegiatan pertanian padi yang sangat besar, banyak ditemukan limbah sekam padi yang belum termanfaatkan sehingga dapat mencemari lingkungan. Diperlukan pengembangan energi alternatif dan pemanfaatan limbah sekam padi yaitu energi biogas dengan menggunakan bahan baku limbah sekam padi. Pada studi ini dilakukan optimasi produksi biogas dari limbah sekam padi, merancang sistem produksi biogas secara kontinyu, dan melakukan evaluasi kelayakan pada pada segi teknologi, lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi. Optimasi produksi biogas dilakukan pada skala laboratorium dan secara batch. Kinetika dipelajari mengikuti persamaan Gompertz sebagai dasar perancangan digester biogas skala penuh. Setelah didapat kondisi operasi yang optimum, dilakukan scale up menjadi skala penuh dengan merancang system produksi biogas secara kontinyu. Kondisi operasi produksi biogas optimum pada enzim 6%, rasio C/N 35, dan TS 27,5%. Didapat nilai konstanta kinetika produksi biogas maksimum (A) 63,9347 ml/grTS; laju produksi biogas (U) 0,9796 ml/grTS.hari; serta hari pertama terbentuknya biogas (λ) hari ke-8,29. Digester biogas model fixed dome dirancang dengan volume 6 m3. Kebutuhan bahan baku awal sekam padi sebanyak 1,43 m3 serta cairan berupa air dan cairan rumen masing-masing 2,22 m3. Umpan berupa sekam padi dan air dengan masing-masing volume sebanyak 15,55 L dan 48,2 L. Didapat waktu tinggal selama 92 hari dan rata-rata produksi biogas sebesar 4,77 m3 per hari. Terdapat hasil samping berupa pupuk organic padat dengan timbulan 210 kg per bulan sesuai dengan SNI 7763:2018. Pada segi ekonomi dinyatakan layak berdasarkan perhitungan: Net Present Value / NPV > 1 setara dengan Rp 24.810.533; nilai Net Benefit Cost Ratio / Net B/C > 1 yaitu 1,03; dengan Pay Back Period / PBP selama 3,8 tahun.
Kata kunci: optimasi, sekam padi, skala penuh, teknologi biogas

World energy needs will continue to increase due to human population growth and global economic development, if there is no implementation of new policies there will be an energy crisis. As a country with very large rice farming activities, there is a lot of unused rice husk waste that can pollute the environment. It is necessary to develop alternative energy and utilize rice husk waste, namely biogas energy using rice husk waste as raw material. In this study, optimization of biogas production from rice husk waste was carried out, design of a continuous biogas production system, and evaluation of feasibility in technological, environmental, social and economic terms. Optimization of biogas production is carried out on a laboratory scale and in batches. The kinetics are studied following the Gompertz equation as a basis for designing a full-scale biogas digester. After obtaining optimum operating conditions, scale up to full scale was carried out by designing a continuous biogas production system. Optimum biogas production operating conditions at 6% enzyme, C/N ratio 35, and TS 27.5%. The maximum biogas production kinetic constant value (A) was 63.9347 ml/grTS; biogas production rate (U) 0.9796 ml/grTS.day; and the first day of biogas formation (λ) day 8.29. The fixed dome model biogas digester is designed with a volume of 6 m3. The initial raw material requirement for rice husks is 1.43 m3 and liquids in the form of water and rumen fluid are 2.22 m3 each. The feed was rice husks and water with volumes of 15.55 L and 48.2 L respectively. The residence time was 92 days and the average biogas production was 4.77 m3 per day. There is a by-product in the form of solid organic fertilizer with an output of 210 kg per month in accordance with SNI 7763:2018. From an economic perspective, it is declared feasible based on calculations: Net Present Value / NPV > 1, equivalent to IDR 24,810,533; Net Benefit Cost Ratio or Net B/C value > 1, namely 1.03; with a Pay Back Period or PBP of 3.8 years.
Keywords: optimization, rice husk, full scale, biogas technology

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