SAVITRI, ADELLA MAULINA (2023) KANDUNGAN METABOLIT Gracilaria verrucosa SETELAH PROSES FERMENTASI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN STARTER Aureobasidium melanogenum (23dik323). Undergraduate thesis, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK

(Adella Maulina Savitri. 26040118140098. Kandungan Metabolit Gracilaria verrucosa Setelah Proses Fermentasi dengan Penambahan Starter Aureobasidium melanogenum. Sri Sedjati dan Wilis Ari Setyati).

Gracilaria verrucosa merupakan salah satu spesies penting Rhodophyta yang telah banyak dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai industri. Spesies ini memiliki kandungan pigmen yang lebih besar dibanding spesies Rhodophyta lainnya. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa G. verrucosa memiliki aktivitas biologis sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fermentasi menggunakan Aureobasidium melanogenum terhadap antioksidan, total fenolik serta kandungan asam amino dan asam lemak ekstrak rumput laut G. verrucosa dengan waktu fermentasi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Agustus 2021 – April 2022. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP) Jepara. Proses preparasi, fermentasi, ekstraksi, evaporasi dan pegujian dilakukan di Laboraborium Natural Product, Laboratorium Terpadu Universitas Diponegoro Lantai 2, Semarang. Fermentasi G. verrucosa dilakukan dengan media cair menggunakan media PYG (Peptone, Yeast Extract, Gloucose) yang disterilkan pada suhu 121°C. Sampel difermentasikan di atas shaker pada suhu 37°C dan 15 rpm dengan waktu yang berbeda-beda yaitu 24 jam, 48 jam dan 72 jam. Analisis Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakterisasi metabolit dari sampel ekstrak. Analisis KLT menggunakan eluen kloroform dan etil asetat = 9:1, Dragendorff, vanillin, (DPPH), FeCl3 dan Ninhidrin. Uji antioksidan dan total fenolik dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan total fenolik G. verrucosa dengan penambahan starter A. melanogenum. Hasil analisis KLT menunjukkan bahwa G. verrucosa yang difermentasi menggunakan A. melanogenum menghasilkan senyawa antioksidan, asam amino, asam lemak dan senyawa fenolik. Nilai Absorbansi ekstrak didapatkan dengan metode Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA) untuk rumput laut segar (7,74 %RSA), fermentasi 24 jam (9,85 %RSA), fermentasi 48 jam (14,93 %RSA), dan fermentasi 72 jam (16,09 %RSA). Total fenolik Gallic Acid Equivalent/gram (GAE/g) pada ekstrak rumput laut segar (0,64 GAE/gram) fermentasi 24 jam (1,57 GAE/gram), fermentasi 48 jam (5,62 GAE/gram), dan fermentasi 72 jam (3,22 GAE/gram). Hasil asam amino tertinggi yaitu pada Glycine (1629,5 mg/kg) dan L-Glutamic acid (1332,6 mg/kg). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi menggunakan A. melanogenum dapat meningkatkan kandungan antioksidan serta total fenolik ekstrak G. verrucosa walaupn peningkatannya cenderung rendah.

Kata kunci : Gracilaria verrucosa, Aureobasidium melanogenum, Kromatografi Lapis Tipis, Antioksidan, Asam Amino, Asam Lemak, Total Fenolik.

ABSTRACT

(Adella Maulina Savitri. 26040118140098. Metabolite Content of Gracilaria verrucosa After Fermentation Process with Addition of Starter Aureobasdium melanogenum. Sri Sedjati dan Wilis Ari Setyati).

Gracilaria verrucosa is one of the important Rhodophyta species that has been widely used in various industries. This species has a greater pigment content than other Rhodophyta species. The results of previous studies showed that G. verrucosa has biological activity as an antioxidant, but reports on its potential as antibacterial and anticancer are still few reported. The low antibacterial activity and not many reports of toxicity of G. verrucosa as well as the potential for increasing biological activity through fermentation using Aureobasidium melanogenum so this research was carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of fermentation using A. melanogenum on antioxidants, total phenolic, amino acid and fatty acid content of G. verrucosa seaweed extract with different fermentation times. This research was conducted from August 2021 – April 2022. Sampling was carried out at Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP) Jepara. The preparation, fermentation, extraction, evaporation and testing processes are carried out at the Natural Product Laboratory, Integrated Laboratory of Diponegoro University, 2nd Floor, Semarang. Fermentation of G. verrucosa was carried out using liquid media using PYG (Peptone, Yeast Extract, Gloucose) media which was sterilized at 121°C. The samples were fermented on a shaker at 37°C and 15 rpm for different times of 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis was performed to determine the characterization of the metabolites of the extract samples. TLC analysis used chloroform eluent and ethyl acetate = 9:1, Dragendorff, vanillin, 1-difenil-2- pikrilhidrazil (DPPH), FeCl3 and Ninhydrin. Antioxidant and total phenol tests were carried out to determine whether the addition of A. melanogenum starter would increase. TLC analysis results showed that G. verrucosa fermented using Aureobasidium melanogenum produced antioxidant compounds, amino acids and phenolic compounds. Absorbance values were obtained by the Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA) method for fresh seaweed (7.74% RSA), 24 hour fermentation (9.85% RSA), 48 hour fermentation (14.93% RSA), and 72 hour fermentation (16.09 %RSA). Total Phenolic Gallic Acid Equivalent/gram (GAE/gram) in fresh seaweed extract (0.64 GAE/gram) 24 hours fermentation (1.57 GAE/gram), 48 hours fermentation (5.62 GAE/gram), and 72 hours of fermentation (3.22 GAE/gram). The highest amino acid yields were Glycine (1629,5 mg/kg) and L-Glutamic acid (1332,6 mg/kg). Based on the results of the study, it was shown that fermentation using A. melanogenum could increase the antioxidant content and total phenolic content of G. verrucosa extract, although the increase tended to be low.

Keywords : Gracilaria verrucosa, Aureobasidium melanogenum, TLC, Antioxidants, Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, Total Phenolic.

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