NUGRAHA, Dian and Widjanarko, Bagoes and Budiyono, Budiyono (2023) PERILAKU DAN LINGKUNGAN YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN MALARIA DI KABUPATEN BINTAN PROVINSI KEPULAUAN RIAU. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang : Malaria di Kabupaten Bintan terjadi setiap tahunnya. Tahun 2022 sebanyak 46 kasus malaria tersebar di empat wilayah kerja Puskesmas, yaitu Puskesmas Kawal, Puskesmas Berakit, Puskesmas Sri Bintan, Puskesmas Kijang.
Tujuan : Menganalisis perilaku pencegahan, kondisi lingkungan fisik dan biologi dengan kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Bintan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau.
Metode : Jenis penelitian studi analitik bersifat observasional dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Sampel sebanyak 96 responden terdiri dari 32 positif malaria dan 64 tidak menderita malaria (1:2). Kriteria inklusi usia 15-64 tahun, kasus baru tahun 2022, kontrol dilakukan pemeriksaan sediaan darah (mikroskopis) dan tidak ditemukan Plasmodium sp. Variabel diteliti jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, pengetahuan pencegahan, penggunaan kelambu, penggunaan obat nyamuk / repellent, kebiasaan keluar pada malam hari, penggunaan pakaian tertutup, kasa ventilasi rumah, langit - langit (plafon) rumah, jenis dinding rumah, keberadaan ternak, keberadaan resting place, keberadaan breeding place. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar kuesioner dan observasi. Analisis multivariat uji regresi logistik nilai alpha (α) =0.05 atau 5% dengan 95%CI.
Hasil : Jumlah laki - laki dan perempuan masing - masing sebanyak 48 orang, mayoritas pendidikan kasus tamat SD (34.38%) dan kontrol tamat SMA sederajat (35.94%), pekerjaan sebagai Ibu rumah tangga (37.50%) dan pengetahuan dengan jawaban salah terbanyak tentang malaria dan pencegahan. Hasil analisis multivariat variabel dominan dengan kejadian malaria adalah langit - langit (plafon) rumah (nilai p=<0.01, OR=17.81 CI95%=3.534-89.730), keberadaan resting place (nilai p=<0.004, OR=16.67 CI95%=2.490-111.590) dan penggunaan obat nyamuk / repellent (nilai p=<0.01, OR=11.64 CI95%=3.023-44.778).
Kesimpulan : Variabel langit - langit (plafon) rumah, keberadaan resting place dan penggunaan obat nyamuk / repellent berkontribusi sebesar 47,3% terhadap kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Bintan.
Kata kunci : Bintan, Malaria, Perilaku, Lingkungan

Background : Malaria in Bintan Regency occurs every year. In 2022, there were 46 cases of malaria spread across the four working areas of the Puskesmas, namely Kawal Health Center, Berakit Health Center, Sri Bintan Health Center, and Kijang Health Center.
Objective : Analyzing prevention behavior, physical and biological environmental conditions with the incidence of malaria in Bintan District, Riau Archipelago Province.
Method : This type of research is an analytic study that is observational with a casecontrol design. A sample of 96 respondents consisted of 32 positive for malaria and 64 did not suffer from malaria (1:2). Inclusion criteria aged 15-64 years, new cases in 2022, blood smear examination (microscopic) examination of controls and found noPlasmodium sp. Variables studied were gender, education, occupation, knowledge of prevention, use of mosquito nets, use of mosquito coils/repellent, the habit of going out at night, the use of closed clothing, the ventilation screens of the house, the ceiling (ceiling) of the house, the type of house walls, the presence of cattle, the presence resting place, existence breeding place. The research instrument was in the form of questionnaires and observations. Multivariate analysis logistic regression test alpha value (α) = 0.05 or 5% with 95% CI.
Results : The number of males and females was 48 people each, the majority of cases graduated from elementary school (34.38%) and controls graduated from high school or equivalent (35.94%), work as housewives (37.50%) and knowledge with the most wrong answers about malaria and prevention. The results of the multivariate analysis of the dominant variable with the incidence of malaria were the ceiling of the house (p=<0.01, OR=17.81 CI95%=3.534-89.730), the presence resting place (p value=<0.004, OR=16.67 CI95%=2.490-111.590) and use of mosquito coils/repellent (p value=<0.01, OR=11.64 CI95%=3.023-44.778).
Conclusion: Variable ceiling - ceiling (ceiling) of the house, whereabouts resting place and use of insect repellent repellent contribute as much 47.3% of the incidence of malaria in Bintan District.
Keywords : Bintan, Malaria, Behavior, Environment

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