MUCHTASJAR, Bunyamin and Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto and Izzati, Munifatul (2023) PENGEMBANGAN MODEL BIOREMEDIASI AIR LIMBAH BATIK SECARA FISIK DAN BIOLOGI MENGGUNAKAN KONSORSIUM Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Hydrilla verticillata DAN BAKTERI INDIGENOUS. Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Pencemaran lingkungan akibat pembuangan air limbah industri batik di Sokaraja semakin mengkhawatirkan. Penggunaan air untuk proses produksi dalam volume yang besar. Sekitar 80% volume air tersebut akan menjadi limbah. Sumber limbah batik berasal dari proses pewarnaan, pelorodan, dan pencucian. Limbah biasanya langsung dibuang ke sungai. Sampai saat ini, belum ada satupun industri batik yang memiliki instalasi pengolahan air limbah. Akibat pembuangan limbah sembarangan, maka terjadi pencemaran sungai, tanah, dan air tanah. Limbah batik memiliki karakteristik : warna gelap, pekat, dan berbau.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi terhadap pencemaran limbah batik tersebut, yaitu dengan model bioremediasi. Bakteri yang berhasil diisolasi pada media agar, selanjutnya diidentifikasi secara morfologi dan biokimia. Karakteristik yang muncul dicocokan dengan Bergeyʼs Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 9th. Tumbuhan yang digunakan untuk bioremediasi yaitu konsorsium Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, dan Hydrilla verticillata. Penggunaan tumbuhan secara tunggal dan kombinasi. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah BOD, COD, Cr6+, ammonia, dan warna.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik bakteri indigenous adalah : bentuk bacil dan cocci, sifat gram negatif, mampu mendegradasi karbohidrat dan lemak yaitu Methylococcus, Neisseria, Deinococcus, Sporosarcina, Bacillus, Mesophylobacter, Agrobacterium, dan Xanthobacter. Model bioremediasi yang paling efektif adalah penggunaan konsorsium tumbuhan Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Hydrilla verticillata dan bakteri indigenous. Penurunan bahan pencemar yang paling efektif adalah pada model 5, dengan efisiensi BOD 57,2%, COD 64,7%, Cr6+ 51,7%, ammonia 51,2%, warna 66,5%, dan waktu penyisihan BOD 13,9 hari, COD 12,29 hari, Cr6+ 15,42 hari, ammonia 15,48 hari, warna 13,50 hari. Efektivitas penurunan parameter ini berkaitan dengan interaksi antara bakteri indigenous dan tumbuhan. Persepsi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan limbah batik tidak dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan.

Environmental pollution due to the disposal of wastewater from the batik industry in Sokaraja is increasingly worrying. About 80% of the large volumes of water required for dyeing, wax releasing, and washing during the batik production process becomes waste, which is commonly discharged into rivers. Batik waste is dark, thick, and smelly and there are no wastewater treatment plants in batik industry areas, so rivers, soil, and groundwater are often polluted.
This study aims to provide a solution to the pollution of batik waste, namely a bioremediation model. The presence of indigenous bacteria was identified morphologycally, and biochemically. The identification results were matched with Bergeyʼs Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 9th ed. The plants used alone or combined for bioremediation were Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, and Hydrilla verticillata. The parameters analysed were BOD, COD, Cr6+, ammonia, and colour.
The indigenous bacteria were bacilli or cocci in shape, gram-negative, and capable of degrading carbohydrates and fats. Based on Bergeyʼs Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 9th ed., the indigenous bacteria were identified as Methylococcus, Neisseria, Deinococcus, Sporosarcina, Bacillus, Mesophylobacter, Agrobacterium, and Xanthobacter. The most effective bioremediation model is model 5, with an efficiency of 57.2% BOD, 64.7% COD, 51.7% Cr6+, 51.2% ammonia, 66.5% color, and a BOD removal time of 13.9 days , COD 12.29 days, Cr6+ 15.42 days, ammonia 15.48 days, color 13.50 days. The effectiveness is improved by a mutual interaction between indigenous bacteria and plants. This bioremediation model is expected to be a solution for the small-scale batik industry in overcoming wastewater pollution. Public perception of batik waste management is not influenced by education level.

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