MILLENIA, YUSTINA WULAN (2022) ANALISIS MEKANISME PENGARUH IOD, ENSO DAN ANGIN MONSUN TERHADAP SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT DAN CURAH HUJAN DI PERAIRAN KEPULAUAN MENTAWAI, SUMATERABARAT (22o163). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Diponegoro.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK
Yustina Wulan Millenia. 26050118140104. Analisis Mekanisme Pengaruh IOD,
ENSO dan Angin Monsun terhadap Suhu Permukaan Laut dan Curah Hujan di
Perairan Kepulauan Mentawai, Sumatera Barat. Dr. Muhammad Helmi, M.Si
dan Dr.Lilik Maslukah, ST, M.Si.
Fenomena El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dan Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)
berkaitan erat dengan suhu permukaan laut dan variabilitas curah hujan. Monsun
Asia sering menyebabkan hujan lebat termasuk di Sumatera bagian utara
sedangkan monsun Australia umumnya menyebabkan kemarau. Perairan
Kepulawan Mentawai dilalui oleh garis khatulistiwa dan terletak di dekat
Samudra Hindia. Hal ini menyebabkan kondisi iklim curah hujan dapat
dipengaruhi oleh beberapa indikator seperti kondisi dipole mode di Samudra
Hindia, Niño 3.4, suhu muka laut perairan, dan angin. Data yang digunakan pada
penelitian ini adalah data curah hujan (GSMaP), data suhu permukaan laut MUR
Level 4 (GHRSST), data angin (ASCAT) yang diolah menggunakan metode
komposit serta analisa koefisien korelasi dan koefisien determinasi. Saat
fenomena IOD positif, sebesar 60,6% indeks IOD mempengaruhi suhu permukaan
laut, sedangkan curah hujan sebesar 21,8%. Saat fenomena ENSO terutama saat ,
indeks ENSO mempengaruhi SPL sebesar 15,8% dan mempengaruhi curah hujan
sebesar 6,1%. Monsun Asia mempengaruhi SPL sebesar 50,2% sedangkan
monsun Australia sebesar 36,7%. Fenomena IOD lebih berpengaruh terhadap SPL
dan curah hujan di Perairan Kepulauan Mentawai dibandingkan dengan fenomena
ENSO. Saat fenomena El Nino dan IOD positif suhu permukaan laut menurun
diikuti dengan curah hujan rendah. Saat La Nina dan IOD negatif SPL meningkat
diikuti dengan curah hujan yang meningkat. Kecepatan angin yang tinggi
menyebabkan SPL merendah.
Kata Kunci: SPL, Curah Hujan, Monsun, IOD, ENSO

ABSTRACT
Yustina Wulan Millenia. 26050118140104. Mechanism Analysis of the Effect of
IOD, ENSO and Monsoon Winds on Sea Surface Temperature and Rainfall in
Mentawai Archipelago Sea, West Sumatra. Dr. Muhammad Helmi, M.Si dan
Dr.Lilik Maslukah, ST, M.Si.
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) are closely
related to sea surface temperature and rainfall variability. The Asian monsoon
often causes heavy rains, including in northern Sumatra, while the Australian
monsoon generally causes dryness. The waters of the Mentawai Islands are
traversed by the equator and are located near the Indian Ocean. This causes
rainy climate conditions to be influenced by several indicators such as dipole
mode conditions in the Indian Ocean, Niño3.4, sea surface temperature, and
wind. This research uses rainfall data (GSMaP), sea surface temperature data
MUR Level 4 (GHRSST), wind data (ASCAT) which is processed using the
composite method and analysis of correlation coefficients and coefficients of
determination. When the IOD is positive, 60.6% of the IOD index affects sea
surface temperature, while rainfall is 21.8%. During the ENSO, especially during
La Nina, the ENSO index affects SST by 15.8% and rainfall by 6.1%. The Asian
monsoon affects SST by 50.2% while the Australian monsoon affects 36.7%. The
IOD phenomenon has more influence on SST and rainfall in the Mentawai Islands
sea compared to the ENSO phenomenon. During the El Nino and positive IOD,
the sea surface temperature decreases, followed by low rainfall. When La Nina
and IOD are negative, SST increases followed by increased rainfall. The high
wind speed causes the SST to decrease.
Keywords: SST, Rainfall, Monsoon, IOD, ENSO

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