RAHIM, Aulia and Soeprobowati, Tri Retnaningsih and Putranto, Thomas Triadi (2023) STRATEGI PENGOLAAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE YANG BERKELANJUTAN BERDASAR ANALISIS PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN, GARIS PANTAI DAN STOK KARBON DI DESA TAMBAKBULUSAN DAN MORODEMAK, JAWA TENGAH. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Ekosistem mangrove merupakan salah satu ekosistem penting di wilayah pesisir yang menyediakan berbagai jasa lingkungan. Namun, saat ini ekosistem mangrove telah mengalami kerusakan akibat terjadinya perubahan penggunaan lahan dan perubahan iklim dalam skala global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi pengelolaan berkelanjutan pada ekosistem mangrove di Desa Tambakbulusan dan Morodemak berdasarkan analisis perubahan penggunaan lahan, garis pantai dan stok karbon ekosistem mangrove. Analisis perubahan penggunaan lahan dan garis pantai dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data Citra Satelit Landsat pada tahun 1973 – 2021 dengan metode digitation on-screen dan aplikasi Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). Analisis kondisi eksisting ekosistem mangrove di lokasi penelitian meliputi sturuktur mangrove, parameter fisik lingkungan dan estimasi total stok karbon. Selanjutnya, rekonstruksi perubahan stok karbon ekosistem mangrove pada tahun 1973 – 2021 diestimasi berdasarkan stok karbon pada kondisi eksisting dan perubahan luas ekosistem mangrove, sedangkan prediksi 30 tahun kedepan danalisis melalui regresi linear forecast. Estimasi nilai ekonomi karbon mangrove dihitung berdasarkan mekanisme pasar wajib dan sukarela, sedangkan strategi pengelolaan berkelanjutan dirumuskan melalui analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terjadinya fluktuasi luas penggunaan lahan yang signifikan di lokasi penelitan, terutama pada ekosistem mangrove dan tambak pada tahun 1973 – 2021 yang terjadi akibat alih fungsi lahan dan upaya rehabilitasi mangrove. Perubahan garis pantai pada tahun 1973 – 2021 cenderung dominan mengalami akresi dengan laju perubahan garis pantai sebesar 1,457 m/tahun dan jarak perubahan garis pantai sebesar 127, 057 m, dimana hal ini telah menyebabkan penambahan luas daratan di kawasan pesisir. Kondisi eksisting ekosistem mangrove di lokasi penelitian tergolong dalam kondisi lingkungan yang baik dan didominasi oleh spesies Rhizophora mucronata dengan estimasi stok karbon sebesar 348 ± 32, 91 Mg C ha-1. Potensi stok karbon ekosistem mangrove tertinggi terdapat pada tahun 2021, yakni sebesar 83.162 Mg C atau setara dengan 305.206 Mg CO2e dan dipredikasi akan terus meningkat hingga 30 tahun kedepan. Nilai ekonomi karbon ekosistem mangrove di lokasi penelitian pada mekanisme pasar wajib dan sukarela mencapai nilai Rp 11.429.670.354 dan Rp 13.880.782.069. Strategi yang direkomendasikan untuk pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di lokasi studi adalah srategi agresif (growth oriented startegy). Usulan program alternatif didasarkan pada potensi dan ancaman kerusakan, meliputi penguatan peran kelembagaan, pengembangan teknologi untuk kegiatan rehabilitasi dan konservasi, pemberdayaan masyarakat pesisir melalui sosialisasi dan pelatihan, serta pengembangan konsep eko-eduwisata mangrove. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya upaya strategi pengelolaan yang berkelanjutan pada ekosistem mangrove, mengingat peran pentingnya dalam mengurangi konsentrasi CO2 di atmosfer, melindungi kawasan pesisir, dan mendukung perekonomian masyarakat.
Kata kunci: Mangrove, Strategi pengelolaan berkelanjutan, Penggunaan lahan, Abrasi, Akresi, Karbon, Tambakbulusan, Morodemak

The Mangrove ecosystem is one of the essential ecosystems in coastal areas that provide various environmental services. However, the mangrove ecosystem has been experiencing a massive decline due to land use and climate change on a global scale. This study aims to develop sustainable management strategies of mangrove ecosystems in Tambakbulusan and Morodemak Villages based on an analysis of changes in land use, coastlines, and carbon stocks of mangrove ecosystems. This study analyzed land use and coastline changes using Landsat Satellite Imagery data in 1973 – 2021 with the on-screen digitization method and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) application. An analysis of the existing conditions of the mangrove ecosystem was also carried out, including the physical parameters of the environment, the structure and composition of the mangroves, and the estimation of the total carbon stock. Furthermore, the reconstruction of changes in mangrove ecosystem carbon stocks in 1973 – 2021 was estimated based on carbon stocks in existing conditions and changes in the area of mangrove ecosystems, while prediction for the next 30 years was carried out using linear forecast regression analysis. The economic value of mangrove carbon was calculated based on mandatory and voluntary market mechanisms, while sustainable management strategies were formulated using SWOT analysis. This study's results indicated significant fluctuations in land use at the research location, especially in the mangrove and pond ecosystems, in 1973 – 2021 due to land conversion and mangrove rehabilitation efforts. Shoreline changes in 1973 – 2021 tended to predominantly experience accretion with a shoreline change rate of 1.457 m/year and a shoreline change distance of 127.057 m, causing an increase in coastal land area due to sedimentation. The existing conditions of the mangrove ecosystem at the study location is classified as relatively good environmental condition and is dominated by Rhizophora mucronata species with a carbon stock of 348 ± 32.91 Mg C ha-1. The highest potential for mangrove ecosystem carbon stocks was found in 2021, which is 83,162 Mg C or equivalent to 305,206 Mg CO2e and is predicted to continue to increase for the next 30 years. The economic value of carbon in the mangrove ecosystem at the research location in the mandatory and voluntary market mechanisms reached a value of IDR 11,429,670,354 and IDR 13,880,782,069. The recommended strategy for managing the mangrove ecosystem in the study location is aggressive (growth-oriented strategy). The proposed alternative program is based on the potential and threat, including strengthening institutional roles, developing technology for rehabilitation and conservation activities, empowering coastal communities through socialization and training, and developing the concept of mangrove eco-edutourism. This study emphasizes the importance of sustainable management strategies for mangrove ecosystems, considering their important role in reducing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, protecting coastal areas, and supporting the community's economy.
Keyword: Mangroves, Sustainable Management Strategy, Carbon, Land use, Accretion, Abrasion, Tambakbulusan, Morodemak

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