MASJHOER, Jussac Maulana and Syafrudin, Syafrudin and Maryono, Maryono (2023) PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGURANGAN SAMPAH DI ZONA SELATAN KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL. Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengurangan sampah di negara-negara berkembang masih tergolong rendah. Tantangan mewujudkan pengelolaan sampah yang efektif dan berkelanjutan saat ini terletak pada upaya peningkatan partisipasi. Keterbatasan data akurat dalam sistem pengelolaan sampah perdesaan turut mempersulit penentu kebijakan dalam memecahkan persoalan sampah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan dan menganalisis timbulan, komposisi, dan tingkat pelayanan sampah. Data empiris komposisi sampah dijadikan landasan dalam analisis potensi pengurangan sampah. Sistem pengelolaan sampah turut dievaluasi untuk melihat kinerja setiap aspek dalam pengelolaan sampah. Selanjutnya penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk partisipasi dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengurangan sampah. Terakhir, rekomendasi dalam meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengurangan sampah disusun. Penelitian ini berlokasi di Zona Selatan Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Data timbulan dan karakteristik sampah didapatkan menggunakan metode SNI 19-3964-1994. Data partisipasi masyarakat didapatkan melalui kuesioner. Data sekunder didapatkan melalui survei institusional dan kajian pustaka berupa artikel, dokumen, dan publikasi relevan lainnya. Data yang telah didapatkan diolah menjadi bentuk teks, tabel, dan grafik. Selanjutnya data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, kuantitatif, analisis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), dan analisis SWOT. Timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,29 kg/orang/hari dengan komposisi sampah terbesar berupa sisa makanan dan dedaunan (76,01%). Lebih dari 98% sampah yang ditimbulkan tersebut tidak terangkut oleh pelayanan persampahan. Terdapat potensi bahan baku pengomposan sebesar 46.288,71 kg/hari dan bahan baku daur ulang sebesar 8.043,59 kg/hari. Keuntungan kasar hasil pengomposan dan sampah daur ulang lebih dari Rp 5,8 milyar per bulan. Secara keseluruhan, sistem pengelolaan sampah belum berjalan secara optimal, terkhusus dalam mendukung pengurangan sampah. Masyarakat belum berpartisipasi secara utuh dalam aktivitas pengurangan sampah. Faktor pendorong utama rendahnya partisipasi yaitu tidak adanya insentif ekonomi. Timbulan dan karakteristik sampah perdesaan berpotensi memberikan keuntungan ekonomi bila dikelola secara komunal. Meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan gambaran keuntungan ekonomi yang akan didapatkan. Pemerintah Kabupaten Gunungkidul perlu memfasilitasi dan mendukung peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengurangan sampah dengan memperkuat aspek teknis operasional, regulasi, kelembagaan, dan pembiayaan.
Kata kunci: Faktor pendorong partisipasi; Karakteristik sampah; Partisipasi masyarakat; Pengelolaan sampah perdesaan; Pengurangan sampah

Public participation in waste reduction in developing countries is still low. The challenge of realizing effective and sustainable waste management currently lies in efforts to increase participation. The lack of accurate data in rural waste management systems makes it difficult for policymakers to solve waste problems. Therefore, this study aims to provide and analyze waste generation, composition, and level of service. Empirical data on waste composition is used to analyze waste reduction potential. The waste management system is also evaluated to see the performance of each aspect of waste management. Furthermore, this study aims to analyze the forms of participation and factors influencing community participation in waste reduction. Finally, recommendations for improving community participation in waste reduction were developed. This research is located in the South Zone of Gunungkidul Regency. Data on waste generation and characteristics were obtained using the SNI 19-3964-1994 method. Data on community participation was obtained through questionnaires. Secondary data was obtained through institutional surveys and literature review in the form of articles, documents, and other relevant publications. The data that has been obtained is processed into text, tables, and graphs. The data was then analyzed using descriptive qualitative and quantitative approaches, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and SWOT analysis. The waste generated was 0.29 kg/person/day, with the most significant waste composition in the form of food waste and leaves (76.01%). More than 98% of the waste generated is not transported by waste services. There is potential for composting raw materials of 46,288.71 kg/day and recycling raw materials of 8,043.59 kg/day. The gross profit from composting and recycled waste is more than IDR 5.8 billion per month. The waste management system has not run optimally, especially in supporting waste reduction. The community has not fully participated in waste reduction activities. The main driving factor for low participation is the absence of economic incentives. Rural waste generation and characteristics can provide economic benefits when managed communally. Increasing community participation can be done by providing an overview of the economic benefits that will be obtained. The Gunungkidul Regency Government needs to facilitate and support increased community participation in waste reduction by strengthening technical, operational, regulatory, institutional, and financing aspects.
Keywords: Community participation; Drivers of participation; Rural waste management; Waste characteristics; Waste reduction.

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