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ETNOBOTANI Amorphophallus sp. (FAM. ARACEAE) DI WILAYAH SEMARANG DAN SEKITARNYA : POTENSINYA SEBAGAI SUMBER PANGAN DAN OBAT SERTA UPAYA KONSERVASINYA

WAHIDAH, Baiq Farhatul and Afiati, Norma and Jumari, Jumari (2022) ETNOBOTANI Amorphophallus sp. (FAM. ARACEAE) DI WILAYAH SEMARANG DAN SEKITARNYA : POTENSINYA SEBAGAI SUMBER PANGAN DAN OBAT SERTA UPAYA KONSERVASINYA. Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Wilayah Semarang dan sekitarnya memiliki potensi Amorphophallus yang tinggi, tetapi hanya sedikit yang sudah diketahui oleh masyarakat. Cara pandang masyarakat terhadap Amorphophallus sp. sebagai tumbuhan liar menyebabkan terancamnya eksistensi spesies tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali pengetahuan masyarakat, mempelajari keanekaragaman, dan potensi Amorphophallus sp. sebagai sumber pangan dan obat serta upaya konservasinya. Parameter penelitian meliputi pengetahuan masyarakat yang diperoleh melalui wawancara semi struktural, identifikasi Amorphophallus sp. Melalui karakteristik morfologi dan molekuler, karakteristik anatomi dan struktur sekretori dengan membuat preparat semi permanen dengan metode Ruzin, serta kandungan fitokimia dengan menggunakan GCMS dan uji glukomanan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masyarakat mengetahui empat jenis Amorphophallus yaitu porang, suweg, walur, dan ilesiles. Amorphophallus yang ditemukan sebanyak 142 varian dengan kelompok iles-iles sebagai varian terbanyak. Hasil uji molekuler pada 6 sampel menunjukkan bahwa selain 4 jenis yang dikenal oleh masyakat terdapat spesies yang berbeda yaitu Amorphophallus sagittarius yang belum pernah ditemukan di wilayah Jawa Tengah. Selain itu uji molekuler ini memperlihatkan bahwa suweg dan walur sebagai satu spesies, padahal masyarakat memahami kedua tumbuhan tersebut sebagai jenis yang berbeda. Pada umumnya anatomi daun Amorphophallus sp. tersusun dari kutikula, epidermis atas, mesofil palisade, mesofil spons, jaringan vaskuler dan epidermis bawah. Petiolus tersusun dari epidermis, hipodermis, kolenkim, berkas pengangkut, dan struktur sekresi. Struktur sekretori berupa rongga dan sel-sel ideoblas yag mengandung secret senyawa fitokimia. Selain itu ada kristal kalsium oksalat dan butir amilum berbagai bentuk dan terdistribusi paling banyak pada umbi. Butir amilum terbesar ditemukan pada iles-iles, sedangkan kandungan glukomanan tertinggi pada porang (50,94%). Uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa pada semua organ terdapat beragam senyawa yang memiliki aktifitas sebagai antimikroba, antiasma, antiinflamasi, antidiabetik, analgesik, hipokolesterolemia, antitumor, antikanker, dan lain-lain. Upaya konservasi oleh masyarakat hanya dilakukan pada porang.

Kata kunci : Amorphophallus sp., identifikasi, karakter morfologi, karakter anatomi, struktur sekretori, glukomanann, senyawa fitokimia, Semarang

The area of Semarang and its surroundings has a high potential for Amorphophallus, but little is known by the public. The public's perspective on Amorphophallus sp. as a wild plant causes the existence of this species to be threatened. This study aims to explore public knowledge, study the diversity and potential of Amorphophallus sp. as a source of food and medicine as well as its conservation efforts. Research parameters include community knowledge obtained through semi-structural interviews; identification of Amorphophallus sp. through morphological and molecular characteristics, anatomical characteristics and secretory structures by making semi-permanent preparations using the Ruzin method, and phytochemical content using GCMS and glucomannan test. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The results showed that the public knew four types of Amorphophallus, namely porang, suweg, walur, and iles-iles. Amorphophallus found as many as 142 variants with the iles-iles group as the most variant. The results of molecular tests on 6 samples showed that apart from the 4 species known to the public, there was a different species, namely Amorphophallus sagittarius, which had never been found in the Central Java region. In addition, this molecular test shows that suweg and walur are one species, even though people understand the two plants as different types. Leaf anatomy is composed of cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, vascular tissue and lower
epidermis. The petiole is composed of the epidermis, hypodermis, collenchyma, transport bundles, and secretory structures. The secretory structure is in the form of cavities and ideoblast cells containing the secretions of phytochemical compounds. In addition, there are calcium oxalate crystals and starch grains of various shapes and are most widely distributed in tubers. The largest starch grains were found in iles-iles, while the highest glucomannan content was found in porang (50.94%). Phytochemical tests show that in all organs there are various compounds that have activities as antimicrobial, antiasthmatic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, analgesic, hypocholesterolemic, antitumor, anticancer, and others. Conservation efforts by the community are only carried out on porang.

Keywords: Amorphophallus sp., identification, morphological characters, anatomical characters, secretory structure, glucomannan, phytochemical compounds, Semarang

Item Type: Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Amorphophallus sp., identifikasi, karakter morfologi, karakter anatomi, struktur sekretori, glukomanann, senyawa fitokimia, Semarang
Subjects: Fisheries And Marine Sciences
Divisions: Postgraduate Program > Doctor Program in Environmental Science
Depositing User: ekana listianawati
Date Deposited: 16 Feb 2023 05:23
Last Modified: 16 Feb 2023 05:23
URI: https://eprints2.undip.ac.id/id/eprint/11735

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