Imran, Dahlil (2023) DISINFORMASI POLITIK DI TIKTOK: MEKANISME, RISIKO DAN TANTANGAN DITINJAU DALAM PERSPEKTIF TEORI RUANG PUBLIK. Masters thesis, Faculty of Social and Political Science.

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Abstract

Like most of the studies, this research departs from the dicrepancy between
what is theoretically ideal and what becomes reality. Theoretically, democracy in
Habermas's ideal view requires a public space that is inclusive, free, and egalitarian,
also contains active and rational discussion. However, reality shows us that Tiktok
as a new public space and a source for the public information is disrupted by various
problems, one of that is political disinformation. Therefore, special attention is
needed through the analysis of various aspects, some of which is through the
formulation of the first research problem, what is the mechanism for political
disinformation and its review as a digital public space in the perspective of
Habermas's Public Space Theory. The second research problem is what are the risks
and challenges to electoral democracy in terms of the pattern of community digital
political participation.
This qualitative research with a digital ethnography approach found that there
is a link between political disinformation and the use of technology/features available
on Tiktok. Apart from making the production of political disinformation easy and
can be done anywhere, this also gives political disinformation greater influence and
disrupts public sphere conversations. A review of Tiktok through the perspective of
Habermas's public space shows that Tiktok is quite good at encouraging open spaces
for the deliberation of various issues for society. However, when explored more
deeply for each channel, problems are still encountered. VT productions are still used
for the production of disinformation and tend to be inactive in conversation, while
live broadcasts do quite well to promote Habermas's values even though the majority
are partisan. The findings for the second problem formulation show that there is a
risk as a pattern of digital political participation in terms of age group or generation.
Generation X in their findings shows vulnerability to religion, groups, and racial
issues and it is easy to spread misinformation with a single motive, namely support
for a prospective candidate or group. Meanwhile, Generation Y, or millennials are
the majority age group who are the creators of political disinformation circulating on
Tiktok with various motives. Meanwhile, Generation Z, in its pattern of digital
political participation related to political disinformation, shows a very low
commitment to efforts to eradicate disinformation when compared to Generations X
and Y.
Furthermore, some challenges will be faced, one of which is the paradigm
shift in the use of social media, from what was originally purely social media for
humor and fun to become an economic tool. In turn, this shift in usage paradigm has
led many content creators to become more motivated in producing political
disinformation. Unlike other social media, there is an interesting phenomenon on
Tiktok: political disinformation is not created because it is paid for or ordered, but
political disinformation is produced because of the hope that creators will be given
gifts by fellow supporters from side political group. The gift can be monetized or
converted into a rupiah or real money. Some of the recommendations that can be
considered include the need to increase monitoring of features on social media by the
government, as well as clear arrangements regarding anonymity. Also, it is still
necessary to strengthen digital literacy even from school age in a curriculum to
recognize the variety of information in the digital era.
Keyword: Disinformation, Politics, Public Sphere, Tiktok, Digital, 2024 Election.

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